Spare vote

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The spare vote^[1] is a version of single transferable voting applied to the ranking of parties, first proposed for elections in Germany in 2013.^[2] This preferential party system is a ranked proportional representation electoral system applying to political parties instead of individual candidates. The spare vote refers to a secondary vote (preference) of the voter, which only comes into play if the first preference for the political party preferred by the voter, is below the electoral threshold. In Germany, there were draft laws for the spare vote system in Saarland,^[3] Schleswig-Holstein^[2][4][5] and Brandenburg^[6] federal states, but they were not implemented.